Research Plan · Trust & Social Systems · 2026

Does conflict make
trust possible?

Scientific consensus treats conflict as a threat to trust. This research program tests the opposite: that conflict is a structural prerequisite of trust — and that pride, far from being an obstacle, is the signal that something real is at stake.

Active · Data collection open
The Question

The settled answer we are questioning

The dominant model in trust research assumes a negative relationship between conflict and trust. Conflict damages trust; trust requires the absence of conflict. This assumption underpins management literature, conflict resolution theory, and institutional trust measurement frameworks alike.

We believe this assumption is wrong — or at least incomplete. It conflates two structurally different phenomena: stability (the absence of friction) and trust (a relationship that has survived and integrated friction). The literature measures both as "trust" without distinguishing between them.

The research gap: No study has directly compared the quality and structural type of trust in relationships that have experienced significant conflict versus those that have not. The literature studies trust repair after conflict — but never asks whether conflict-free relationships contain trust at all, or merely inertia.

The second question concerns pride. Trust literature treats pride almost universally as an obstacle to conflict resolution — something to be overcome. We hypothesize that pride is actually a signal: it marks that something matters enough to the person that they will not yield under pressure. Where there is no pride, there is no stake. Where there is no stake, there is nothing to trust.

Formal Hypotheses

Three testable propositions

H1 — Structural difference
Trust in relationships that have survived significant conflict is structurally different from trust in conflict-free relationships. The former is closer to identification-based trust (Lewicki & Bunker, 1996); the latter closer to calculus-based trust or mere stability. Standard trust scales do not distinguish between these types.
H2 — Pride as stake-signal
Pride, operationalized as "the presence of something the person will not yield on under pressure," correlates positively with trust quality — not negatively as the literature assumes. Its presence signals that real interests are engaged, which is a definitional prerequisite of trust rather than a threat to it.
H3 — Measurement inadequacy
If H1 is true, existing trust measurement instruments (Rosenberg Trust Scale, organizational trust inventories, Gottman Sound Relationship House questionnaire) are methodologically compromised because they do not distinguish stability from trust. The data from this study will be used to propose a revised typology.
Literature Map

What is known — and what is not

  • Lewicki & Bunker (1996) — Trust in Relationships: A Model of Development and Decline.
    Establishes the calculus-based / knowledge-based / identification-based trust typology. Does not test whether conflict-free relationships achieve identification-based trust. Relevant — does not close the gap
  • Gottman Institute (1994–ongoing) — Longitudinal studies on conflict and relationship stability.
    Shows that constructive conflict correlates with relationship longevity. Does not compare trust quality across conflict-present vs. conflict-absent relationships directly. Relevant — does not close the gap
  • Elgoibar, Munduate & Euwema (2021) — Trust and conflict: An uneasy relationship.
    Frontiers in Psychology. Reviews the trust-conflict literature. Confirms the assumption that conflict damages trust — without questioning whether the baseline ("trust without conflict") is actually trust. Relevant — does not close the gap
  • Tracy & Robins (2007) — The psychological structure of pride: A tale of two facets.
    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Distinguishes authentic pride (achievement-based) from hubristic pride (arrogance). Does not examine pride in the context of trust or conflict. Relevant — does not close the gap
  • Moriarty (philarchive.org) — On the ethics of negotiation.
    Notes that "failure to offer one's own priorities as things to negotiate about is disastrous." Implicitly points toward our H2 but does not formalize it. Tangential — opens the direction
  • Direct comparison of trust types across conflict-present vs. conflict-absent relationships
    ⚠ Not found in the literature — this is the gap
Methodology

How we are testing this

The study uses a mixed-method design combining open-access survey data collected through iterators.org with a structured follow-up protocol.

Phase 1 — Population survey
Self-report questionnaire via iterators.org/trust-konfliktus. Participants are asked about: (1) presence of significant conflict in their most trusted relationship, (2) current trust level (1–5 scale), (3) trust level before the conflict (if applicable), (4) presence of pride — defined as "something they would not yield on under pressure." Optional open text. No PII collected. Data stored in Cloudflare KV.
Phase 2 — Structured interview
Qualitative follow-up with respondents who opt in. Semi-structured interviews (45–60 min) examining the phenomenology of trust in conflict-present vs. conflict-absent relationships. Coding for trust type (calculus / knowledge / identification) per Lewicki & Bunker typology. Target: 20–30 interviews per condition.
Measurement instruments
Tracy & Robins Pride Scale (2007) for pride operationalization. Adapted Lewicki & Bunker Trust Typology items for trust type classification. Gottman Conflict Engagement subscale for conflict characterization. Custom items for stake-presence and yield-under-pressure constructs.
Analysis plan
Phase 1: Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests for conflict × trust level association, pride × trust level correlation. Phase 2: Thematic analysis, trust-type coding, comparison across conflict-present / conflict-absent groups. If sample allows: ANOVA for trust score differences by conflict status and pride presence.

The data is live now

The Phase 1 survey is open at iterators.org. Every response goes directly into the dataset. No account, no tracking, no email required.

Take part in the research →
Timeline

Research roadmap

2026 Q3
Phase 1 launch. Survey live at iterators.org. Data collection begins. Target: 200+ responses before Phase 2 begins. Interference evenings at Equora Spaces begin — qualitative observations of trust and conflict dynamics in live interdisciplinary dialogue.
2026 Q4
Phase 1 analysis + Phase 2 preparation. Descriptive analysis of Phase 1 data. Interview protocol finalization. Opt-in recruitment from Phase 1 respondents. First interim results published on equora.institute.
2027 Q1
Phase 2 interviews. 20–30 structured interviews per condition. Qualitative coding. Integration with Phase 1 quantitative data.
2027 Q2
Publication. Working paper on Zenodo. Submission to peer-reviewed journal (target: Frontiers in Psychology — Trust & Social Systems section). Proposed revised trust typology including conflict-history as structural variable.
2027 Q3+
Applied extension. If H1–H3 are supported: development of a revised organizational trust measurement framework. Integration with the NeverNormal TRUST methodology. Potential application in conflict mediation and organizational design contexts.
Connection to Existing Research

How this fits the TRUST framework

The EQUORA Institute's existing TRUST research program asks: "What if trust is the wrong thing to measure entirely?" The NeverNormal whitepaper documents how standard trust scores — credit ratings, ESG scores, reputation indices — measure observable proxies rather than the structural capacity for trust under stress.

This study sharpens that challenge. It is not merely that we measure trust badly — it is that we may be measuring two fundamentally different things under the same label. Stability (the absence of friction) is not trust. Trust is what a relationship becomes after it has survived something real.

The pride hypothesis adds a second layer: if pride signals that real interests are at stake, then its absence in a relationship may be evidence not of harmony but of disengagement. A relationship in which nothing is at stake is not a trusting relationship — it is a dormant one.

The implications for the TRUST framework, if the hypotheses are supported: trust cannot be measured as a current state. It must be measured as a capacity revealed under conditions of real conflict. This would require a fundamental revision of how trust is assessed — in organizations, in policy, and in personal relationships.

Method & Scope

How this page was produced

Trilith Method™ · Research Card
Programme status
Active · Data collection open
Machine contributionI
Literature discovery and synthesis, candidate identification, computational modelling, and first drafts of this page. Volume and speed are the machine's contribution; none of it is treated as verified on its own.
VerificationII
Claims traced to primary sources rather than to summaries of them. Contested claims run through assert–refute–adjudicate across independent model families. Errors found after publication are corrected on this page with their date.
Human governanceIII
Problem selection, the evidentiary bar, and the decision to publish rest with Pölö (László Papp), EQUORA Institute, who holds editorial responsibility for this page.
Evidence basis
Stated in the Methodology section, per component. Where a source is a preprint, a pilot study, a single trial or a modelled estimate, the page says so at the point of use.
Version
v1.0 · 2026-06-27
What this page is

This is a research plan rather than a result. It sets out what the programme intends to test, on what basis, and what would count as failure. Parts of it will turn out to be wrong; where that happens, the correction is recorded here with its date instead of being quietly removed.

Work by third parties is attributed to its sources and described at the confidence its evidence supports. Nothing on this page should be read as professional advice in the programme's domain, and nothing here has been peer reviewed unless a specific publication is cited as such.

Research Lead

Principal investigator

Pölö (László Papp) — Founder, EQUORA Institute. The research is conducted under the AI-first methodology of the Institute: all significant research dialogues are archived, all AI contributions attributed, all formalized claims tested across multiple models. The community dimension — live data collection through the iterators.org Equora Emergence Circle — is a structural part of the method, not a supplementary channel.

Questions, collaboration proposals, or interview participation: lpapp@equora.institute